When trying to conceive, sperm health plays a crucial role. While many people focus on sperm count, sperm motility and how well sperm move is equally important. Healthy movement enables sperm to travel through the female reproductive tract to reach and fertilise an egg.
How common is male factor fertility?
Male fertility issues are more common than many people realise.
According to data highlighted by the UK’s fertility regulator, the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA), male infertility:
● Is the sole cause of infertility in around 30% of couples
● Contributes to 30–40% of infertility cases alongside female factors
Overall, this means male factors play a role in around half of all fertility challenges.
Because sperm health is so important, fertility specialists often recommend semen analysis early in fertility investigations.
What Is Sperm Motility?
Sperm motility refers to the percentage of sperm in a semen sample that are moving. For conception to occur naturally, sperm must swim through the cervix, uterus and into the fallopian tubes to reach the egg.
Motility is usually assessed during a semen analysis, which also measures sperm concentration (count) and sperm morphology (shape).
There are two main types of sperm movement:
Progressive motility
Where sperm swim forward in a straight line or very large circles. These sperm are most likely to reach and fertilise an egg.
Non-progressive motility
Where sperm move but do not travel effectively forward, and therefore have a very low chance of fertilising an egg. If sperm are completely still, they are classified as immotile. An absence of motile sperm in the semen is called azoospermia.
Why Sperm Motility Matters
Even if the sperm count is normal, poor overall motility in a sample can reduce the chance of natural conception, as the affected sperm will struggle to reach the egg.
Fertility treatments such as IUI, IVF or ICSI may therefore be recommended.
What Can Cause Low Sperm Motility?
Several factors can affect how well sperm move.
Lifestyle factors
● Toxins ie. smoking, vaping, alcohol and drugs
● Overheating the scrotum ie.wearing tight clothing, laptops on the knee, use of saunas, steam rooms etc
● Poor diet/obesity
● Lack of exercise
● Stress
Medical factors
● Varicocele (enlarged veins in the scrotum)
● Medical conditions, including certain genetic conditions
● Certain medications, i.e., some antibiotics, anabolic steroids
● Infection
Environmental factors
● Pollution or toxins, i.e., pesticides, industrial chemicals, etc
● Radiation
In many cases, low motility can improve once the underlying causes are identified.
How to Improve Sperm Motility
While medical treatment may be necessary in some cases, positive lifestyle improvements can significantly support sperm health.
Maintain a healthy weight
Research shows obesity may affect sperm production and movement.
Stop smoking or vaping
Smoking is associated with reduced sperm quality and increased DNA damage.
Improve nutrition
A balanced diet rich in antioxidants can support sperm function. Focus on:
● Fruits and vegetables
● Whole grains
● Healthy fats
● Zinc- and selenium-rich foods
Exercise regularly
Moderate physical activity supports hormone balance and overall reproductive health.
Reduce heat exposure
Avoid heated car seats, steam rooms and saunas or prolonged laptop use directly on the lap. Keep hot tub temperatures lower, and wear looser clothing
Consider supplements
Some men benefit from supplements specifically designed to help improve fertility for men, and those containing antioxidants such as:
● Coenzyme Q10
● Vitamin C
● Vitamin E
● Zinc
Always speak to a fertility specialist or your GP before starting new supplements.
When to Seek Fertility Advice
If you and your partner have been trying to conceive for:
● 12 months without success, or
● 6 months if the female partner is over 35
A semen analysis is a simple test that provides valuable insight into sperm health, including motility.
Sperm motility plays a vital role in natural conception. Even when sperm count is normal, poor movement can make it harder for sperm to reach the egg.
The good news is that lifestyle changes, medical support and fertility treatments can often improve outcomes.
If you’re concerned about sperm health, seeking advice early can help identify potential issues and explore the most appropriate fertility options.
Contact us on 0161 958 6142, or self-refer online here if you’d like to have private fertility treatment with Manchester Fertility.
Last updated: 13th May 2026
